Yes and No
Ham, Ships Radio, Air Radio user licences are qualifications for using radios that fit into a specific use i.e. Ships radio user licence (long range or full GMDSS) allows operator to use "Ships" VHF, MF, HF SSB etc.
But a ships radio user licence does not allow use of a air band VHF, only someone who has sat an exam in Air Radio can operate Air Radio and so on.
But a Business VHF Radio needs no exam to use, just a licence which you pay for on application. This licence in return gives you the right to operate on an allocated frequency or frequencies depending on what you pay for.
Thus if you have a multi band, user settable frequency radio, you would only be permitted to use the frequency or frequencies stated on your licence. If you used any frequency other than that on the licence you would be breaking the law. Normally a business radio would be programmed by the authorized dealer with the frequencies on the users licence and no more. I am not sure about the law on business VHF or UHF and if it is acceptable to have a radio that can be set by the user to any frequency.
VHF is just a band of spectrum that many types of radio use but separated into sectors such as Air, Ships, Business, Military etc. Thus one type of VHF or part of the band is different to another and governed by different law. Thus if one has a Multi Band Multi Frequency radio transmitter and uses a pot luck frequency that is protected by international treaty i.e. Air and Ships or by a country by licencing, you would be open to prosecution. In addition to using a frequency illegally you may be breaking the law if the radio is not type approved for use in the country that its being used in.
Example, a Ham HF SSB is much the same as a Marine HF SSB. The only real difference is the frequencies that are available for use. Sometimes a Ham will have a Ham radio opened up to the Marine frequencies which usually is quite easy. But once this has been done the radio no longer meets its type approval and thus the it becomes illegal, at least in the case of the UK it would.
The only radio equipment in the UK that you can use without any form of licence is 446 (not sure about CB now).
This link might help a little:
http://www.walkie-talkie-radio.co.uk/walkie-talkie-international-issues.html