Converting standard rear/tail & indicator lights to LEDs....advice required p...
Found this, need to read and understand it !
Time for some mathmatics when fitting load resistors to balance the electrical load back up to the level the car expects when it is was originally fitted with bulbs.
First off is OHMS Law, not difficult:
V=IxR
I=V/R
R=V/I
V= Volts, I = Amps, R = Ohms
Next is Power
W=IxV
I=W/V
V=W/I
W= Watts, I = Amps, V = Volts
Lets look at a typical 21W tail light and how to swap that for a LED replacement which is something I have recently done.
21W at a typical 13.8V (engine running) will consume 21/ 13.8 = 1.52A
Next you need to measure the current draw by the replacement LED, don't go off the values printed on the packet you need to measure this, it will be much lower than the bulb you are replacing, mine were 0.27A for the rest of this example I will use these figures to try and explain how to work things out.
Subtract the LED amps value from the bulb value:
1.52 - 0.27 = 1.25
This is the amount of current you need to dump through the resistor.
Back to OHMS Law to calculate the ohmic value of the resistor needed to "waste" 1,25 amps when supplied with 13,8 Volts (typical car DC supply with the engine running)
R=V/I
R = 13.8 / 1,25
R = 11.04 Ohms
Any resistor value close to this will be OK to use as they only come in specific values but we only know the ohmic value required at this point, we now need to calculate the rating or Wattage of the resistor in order to get one capable of working without burning out:
W=IxV
The resistor is having to dump 1,25A running at 13,8V so
W=1,25x13,8
W = 17,25
Any Power resistor above this rating will suffice so we now know we need as close to 11 Ohms at 17W to achieve the equivilant to a 21W bulb, the ohm value must remain as close as possible to the target value but the wattage can be higher as that's just a rating of the resistors ability to dissipate heat.
For indicator lights you can save some cash by halving the wattage rating of the resistor due to the 50/50 duty cycle of the light, but to stay on the safe side fit 25W rated metal clad resistors screwed to the cars body work as this acts as a heat sink.