I notice in your first post you said that after cleaning it - you spray the calipers with BRAKE CLEANER.
If its what i think it is - then this could be your problem.
Brake cleaner should only be used during a caliper / cylinder strip.
It is THE most thorough degreaser available and will cause all grease and oil to be removed from a surface.
What you are seeing as white furry salt build up COULD be aluminium corrosion (oxide ) due to lack of surface oil.
This would go a long way to explaining the problems you're having.
DONT USE THE BRAKE CLEANER !!
After washing, spray a minute amount of penetrating oil on the pin area of the calipers-both sides - and let it get pulled in along the pin by capillary action - not near the discs / pads obviously.
Pistons can be lubricated by pulling back the dust cover and again a very small amount of oil in behind, where the piston goes into the caliper.
Pads should be loose enough between the caliper walls not to need anything - if they are tight, file them down slightly.
Phil