Topping up
Sorry guys, but I should have just given this explanation earlier.
The preload adjuster on a stock rear shock is nothing more than the simplest of hydraulics. When you turn the knob in to obtain more preload it just pushes on some oil which pushes against the spring. The adjuster reservoir is completely independent and has nothing to do with damping. Over time some of the oil 'sweats' past a seal and therefore the volume of oil in the reservoir can decrease. (A seal leak is possible although in normal use that is somewhat unlikely.) When I was changing my spring there was evidence of sweating, but no leaks, when I removed the large plastic shroud that protects the shock assembly.
If oil volume has decreased then any space in the reservoir - originally completely filled with oil - is taken up by air which must be compressed before you'll get any preload action. So instead of what used to be a couple of clicks you'll find that you're turning the knob much further in before it can push firmly on the spring. The 1200GS rear spring is already a bit on the soft side so when you can't get the desired preload it might lead some to believe that the shock has gone off.
On both the White Power ('04 & '05 GSs) and later models fitted with Showa units there is a simple small screw (hex head on the WP) on the reservoir on the opposite side from the preload adjuster knob. With the preload knob fully backed out and the spring off -remember if it's still fitted it's pushing on the hydraulic fluid - remove the screw and top off the volume using a 10 weight or higher fork oil. There's not much oil in there so you'll need very little to top it off. It's just like a brake circuit in that you don't want any air in there. Replace the screw, re-fit the spring (or install an aftermarket spring) and plastic shroud and voila, back to normal adjustment where every click when turning the preload knob can be felt.
I'm about 75 kilos kitted out and with the Hyperpro springs fitted I apply no preload when solo and only need a few clicks of preload with pillion on and panniers loaded. The Hyperpro springs are true progressive springs and I can feel a difference with every click of preload. Should I still have the same bike in another year I'll probably pop the spring off and top off the reservoir once again.
What seems amazing to me is how few technicians at authorised dealers appear to be aware of this. I guess it's not a matter of repair anymore, it's just replace.