If the engine turns over happily but don't start then check:
Fuel in tank - there should be enough. 5 - 10 litres would suffice.
Fuel delivery - Unplug one of the pipes after the pump and turn on the ignition, fuel should squirt in a steady stream. Protect your eyes here.
- if no fuel flow then check pump and breather hoses are not kinked and also check for obstruction. If the tank has been off, lift it and check the routing of the pipes so that it is not trapped where the pipe is pinched closed.
- the pump should prime when ignition is switched on.
- check the pump connections, the fuel pump is energised from the engine control module.
Spark - It has been detailed above. If no spark then follow the ignition circuit and check the connections and switches.
Ignition switch
Gear position switch - if you have neutral indication then ignore for now.
Side stand switch - check and clean, you should have continuity between 2 contacts with open circuit to the other contact depending if the side stand is up or down. Cycle the side stand to check operation.
Clutch switch - 2 contacts so you should have open circuit in the released position and closed circuit when the lever is pulled.
Stop/Start switch - the switch should not allow any current flow when in the off position. Make sure it is in the normal position and press the button. Ignore for now because we know the engine turns over.
If you have disconnected the battery then reset the TPS. Also if the engine turns over rapidly then the battery current delivery is good. If it struggles and the Optimate doesn't charge it any more and you have a healthy 12.6V on the Multimeter then the battery needs to be replaced. It is the current that is important when starting the bike. Voltage will give you an indication of the health of the charging circuit.