Ah, I think I may be starting to understand why the O2 sensors and closed loop are so important on our bikes (but tell me if I'm barking up the wrong tree). If they don't use manifold pressure sensors, am I right in thinking that they use some very complex calculations to determine engine load using a variety of sensors instead (tps, crankshaft, camshaft, temperature, O2, altitude) and the long term fuel trim tables to a greater extent? Presumably the sensor data is all the more important to substitute for MAP sensors, which I guess aren't used because a parallel twin has two entirely separate inlet tracts as if it's two single cylinder engines and this would be a nightmare for the ECU to manage simultaneously?
In which case I can see why open loop mapping and Powercommanders are less than ideal, because the ECU needs the feedback loop from the O2 sensors. And this explains why the AF-XiED are such an effective way to improve the fuelling? As well as being able to add fuel to closed loop, am I right in thinking that the AF-XiEDs are also better than the OEM O2 sensors in terms of the data accumulated in the long term fuel trim tables (which then provide adaptability for the open loop range of engine operation)? Or do the AF-XiEDs only take care of closed loop in which case an open loop remap or PCV in addition would be advisable for decat headers and open exhausts?